Gen. Dan Caine, chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, said on Sept. 16 that the US military should adapt now to be 'prepared to fight, endure and win … from the seabed to cislunar space.'^[1] The statement came at the Air, Space and Cyber Conference near Washington. Lt. Gen. Gregory Gagnon, head of the US Space Force's Combat Forces Command, said the same day that the Space Force is preparing to fight in space and around the moon because 'humanity is advancing deeper into space,' and that its job is to defend US interests.^[3] US Air Force Secretary Troy Meink stated on Sept. 14 that the United States has weapons deployed in space.^[4] The 1967 Outer Space Treaty, signed by the US and China, requires celestial objects such as the moon to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and bans nuclear weapons in space. In 2024 Russia vetoed a US-Japanese UN resolution against space weapons while a rival Russian resolution banning all space weapons also failed.^[2]